Eco-innovation in the context of sustainable development and smart infrastructure based at artificial intelligence

Eco-innovation involves developing products, processes, services, and business models that strengthen environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. This study explores its contribution to reducing organisational environmental impact and supporting smart infrastructure. The research applies a critical literature analysis and a benefit–cost approach to assess monetary balances, complemented by the time-saving method as a planning instrument. The findings show that eco-innovation can reduce emissions, limit pollution, protect biodiversity, and enable renewable energy use, although high initial costs continue to hinder adoption, particularly in emerging economies. These constraints may restrict implementation capacity in less developed regions and highlight the need for supportive policy frameworks. The study offers practical guidance for smart cities pursuing sustainable, low-emission development through intelligent planning. Its originality lies in introducing the time-saving method into eco-innovation planning, providing a novel tool for policymakers and researchers seeking to strengthen environmentally responsible urban systems.