Innovative Lipid-Based Nanobiotechnology: Diagnostics and Medicine

The aim of this review article is to provide a summary of the state-of-the-art technology for the integration of lipid-based natural biomaterials, emphasizing mainly broad applications, especially in therapeutics and diagnostics. Herein, we focused mainly on the utilization of bioengineered lipid-based nanomaterials as medicine and diagnostic agents, which constitute the primary focus of the field of bioengineered lipid-based nanomaterials. Each property of diverse classes of lipid-based nanomaterials is determined by their chemical structure, functionality, and synthesis methodology, and they are versatile for use as drug-delivery nanocarriers, for targeting certain types of cancer cells and for controlled immune therapies. In addition, lipid-based biomaterials have been applied in various research fields with subsequent surface engineering with modulation moieties for the integration of functional nanomaterials (signaling pathway mediators, nucleic acid drugs, and active targeting proteins). The overall manuscript is organized in sections describing materials, fabrication processes, and applications based on innovative lipid-based nanobiotechnology.