New data on the distribution and bionomics of the little-known ant species Temnothorax brauneri (Ruzsky, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with description of previously unknown gynes

Temnothorax brauneri (Ruzsky, 1905) is a little-known ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the sordidulus species‑complex, belonging to the intrageneric nylanderi group. Until now, almost nothing was known about its biology, ecology, and distribution. New records of the species in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia are presented: in Russia (Adygea, Krasnodar Region), Abkhazia, and Georgia (Adjara). The ecology of the species, its altitudinal distribution, and nesting habits are described. Polygynous colonies of T. brauneri are found for the first time. Gynes of the species are described using morphological characters and morphometric data. The species’ association with ancient relict elements of the Caucasian flora and possible pathways of its colonization of the North Caucasus are discussed.