Biomechanical Evaluation of An Innovative Triple Abutment System in Ceramic Versus Titanium Implants: A Finite Element Analysis

Aim: To compare the biomechanical behavior of an innovative triple abutment (TA) with a hyperbolic paraboloid geometry, designed to support three dental crowns on a single implant, using finite element analysis under two conditions: a ceramic model with a zirconia implant and metal–ceramic crowns (TA ceramic) and a conventional model with a titanium implant and metal–ceramic crowns (TA Ti).Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were developed to evaluate stress and microstrain distribution in peri-implant bone, as well as stress distribution in the abutment, UCLA abutment, implant body, and retaining screw under axial (250 N) and oblique (100 N) loading. Each model included a bone block representing the region from the second premolar to the first molar in the upper right quadrant, incorporating a Morse taper implant.Results: The TA ceramic model showed 10–20% higher stress in prosthetic components compared with the TA Ti model. However, differences in stress and microstrain within the surrounding bone were below 5%, remaining within clinically acceptable limits.Conclusions: Both ceramic and titanium implants combined with the TA abutment demonstrated favorable biomechanical performance. Implant material selection may therefore be guided by clinical priorities, particularly esthetic requirements, without significantly compromising mechanical behavior.