Biomarkers for effective prognosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: a full review

The combination of endocrine, metabolic, circadian, and RNA-based biomarkers offers a dynamic approach to PCOS prognostication. These biomarkers can improve the early diagnosis of high-risk patients, individual interventions, and reproductive and metabolic management. Future research should focus on validating these markers in large cohorts and developing predictive models to support clinical decision-making beyond static diagnostic criteria.