Comparison & Election Between AI Models: Heterodox Analysis of Conditions*

A heterodox review of the development of everyday implementations of artificial intelligencealgorithms, their biases, and risks to human life due to a lack of transparency or the black box effect. This paperfocuses on the evaluation of a problem that has influenced the development of artificial intelligence: the ethicaleconomic dilemma of the black box, along with its paradox. Focusing on this problem—whether transparencyprevails over algorithmic performance (and how it is valued, with its biases and risks)—allows us to understandthe paradox that leads to the current dichotomy between the Anglo-Saxon and continental European worlds.Through a bibliometric-narrative and critical-hermeneutic study, along with the theoretical and methodologicalframeworks of Austrian Economics and New-Institutional Economics (given their experience in analyzing otherblack boxes, such as the State, the public sector, and welfare economics), this paper offers an exposition andexplanation of the problem, its scope, and whether a future convergence of positions on the matter can beexpected.