Current status and related factors of breakfast skipping among adolescents aged 12–15 years in Shandong Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Breakfast skipping among adolescents in Shandong Province may be influenced by gender, parental behaviors, living arrangements, and physical activity levels. These findings highlight the need for family-centered and gender-sensitive interventions that promote regular breakfast consumption and active lifestyles in youth. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs to better understand causal relationships.