Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation as a Cause of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Case Report

Introduction: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) is a rare vascular abnormality characterized by a direct connection between arteries and veins without an intervening capillary network, resulting in increased circulatory volume and a risk of severe complications. In the gynecological context, uterine AVM is uncommon but clinically significant due to its association with severe and difficult-to-control hemorrhage. Objective: To describe the case of a primiparous patient who was diagnosed with a uterine arteriovenous malformation following cesarean delivery, highlighting the clinical findings and the management approach adopted during follow-up. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted as a clinical case report, based on a retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging data from a patient diagnosed with AVM. Data were collected through a systematic review of the electronic medical records of Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (HSCMV), ensuring compliance with ethical principles and data confidentiality. Expected results: This case report is expected to contribute to the expansion of knowledge regarding uterine AVM. The findings are anticipated to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, even in cases with nonspecific clinical manifestations, as well as to highlight the challenges associated with therapeutic management. Consequently, this report aims to raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding subtle clinical signs of the condition and to promote more accurate and appropriate clinical decision-making in relevant settings.