The effect of grape seed extract supplementation on gingivitis and glycaemic control in diabetic patients

ABSTRACT AIM: To investigate the effect of grape seed extract oral supplementation as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy on gingival health and glycaemic control in diabetic patients. Materials & Methods: A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group receiving grape seed extract (500mg/day) and the control group receiving a placebo. Randomization was achieved by the clinician using a flip coin method. Clinical periodontal assessments were conducted both before and after the 90 days intervention period, encompassing parameters such as Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI). Additionally, glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were monitored to assess changes in glycaemic control, with measurements taken at baseline and post-intervention. Results: intra-group comparison of HbA1c levels at different time intervals (baseline and 90th day) for both the test and control groups. It indicates a slight decrease in HbA1c levels on the 90th day compared to baseline for both groups, with high statistical significance observed for the test group (p<0.002**) and potential statistical significance for the control group (p<0.023*). It shows higher levels of HbA1c in the control group at both time points, although no statistical significance was found between the groups. It demonstrates a decrease in OHI scores from baseline to the 90th day in both groups, with high statistical significance observed for both groups (p<0.001*)., there was a statistically significant decrease on the PI values from 2.08±0.4020998 to 0.925±0.2731396 (p<0.05). It highlights a decrease in Gingival scores from baseline to the 90th day in both groups, with high statistical significance observed for both (p<0.001*). a slight increase in Gingival scores in the control group at both time points, with slightly higher statistical significance between the groups at the 90th day (p<0.008**). Conclusion: Grape seed extract supplementation, when used adjunctively with full mouth disinfection, demonstrates promising outcomes in reducing gingival inflammation associated with chronic periodontitis in type II diabetic patients.