Optimal operation of multi-carrier energy systems integrated with renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage systems

Multi-energy systems are one of the main solutions to facilitate the integration of renewable energy resources in the smart energy system. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive structure for the energy system that integrates the electrical, hydrogen, and water sections for sustainable management of modern energy systems. The presented model offers cooperative scheduling for neighbor multi-energy systems that provides the opportunity of local energy trading among them. Also, it focuses on the water system and seeks to supply potable water for the energy systems by a water well, desalination unit, and water storage tank. Besides, compressed air energy storage is developed to utilize the surplus generation of renewable energy to provide an efficient operation for the system. To control the uncertain nature of renewable generation, the energy systems can take part in the electrical and thermal demand-side programs to manage their consumption in response to the signal prices. The proposed model is tested on a standard case study, and the numerical results show that the cooperation among energy systems reduces their operating cost and unserved energy by $ 23.91 and 64.317 kWh compared to autonomous operation.