A comprehensive scoring system for defecation disorders derived by merging various validated patient-reported outcome measures for fecal incontinence, chronic constipation, and obstructed defecation

This study highlights the potential for reducing item redundancy across existing PROMs for defecation disorders. Despite some limitations, the proposed DDSS could potentially provide a concise, comprehensive tool for assessing multiple aspects of defecation disorders, potentially available in electronic format. Future studies will be required to further evaluate and validate DDSS across different patient populations.