Influencing factors of influenza vaccination intention among primary healthcare workers after the triple waves of COVID-19 influenza and RSV a 3C model-based analysis

By the end of 2022, China adjusted its zero-COVID policy, followed by unprecedented waves of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV infections. This study aims to evaluate the influenza vaccination intentions and influencing factors among primary healthcare (PHC) workers in Jinan city, particularly in the context of the triple infection waves. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 using a random-cluster sampling method, surveying 1,673 PHC workers in the selected community and township health centers. The Confidence-Complacency-Convenience (3C model) was adapted to assess vaccination intentions. Among the participants,1,232/1,673 (73.6%) were willing to receive the influenza vaccine. Higher confidence in the vaccine and lower complacency were significantly associated with increased willingness to vaccinate (p < 0.001), while convenience was not a significant factor due to the inherent access to vaccination services among PHC workers. Past vaccination experience was positively associated with vaccination willingness, emphasizing the importance of previous positive vaccination experiences. The study highlights the critical role of confidence and complacency in influencing vaccination intentions among PHC workers. Targeted interventions to enhance vaccine confidence and address complacency are essential to improving vaccination rates. Strengthening training programs, publicizing vaccine benefits, and implementing incentive mechanisms could foster a more positive vaccination culture among PHC workers, ultimately enhancing public health outcomes.