Quality Properties of Merlot Grapes and Wines from Different Climate Conditions of Turkey

In this study, the chemical composition, aroma, and sensory properties of wines obtained from Merlot grapes grown in two different climate conditions in Turkey, URLA (located in western Asia Minor, known as the ancient Aegean region) and ŞARKÖY (located in the European portion, known as the ancient Thrace region) were investigated. Urla experiences hotter climate conditions, lower day-to-night temperature variations, and lower annual precipitation compared to Şarköy. Grapes from Urla exhibited higher pH values and total sugar content but lower phenolic and anthocyanin contents compared to those from Şarköy. Wines from Urla's climate had higher levels of esters, lactones, carbonyl compounds, and norisoprenoids compared to wines from Şarköy's climate. Sensory analyses revealed that wines from Urla, with its hot climate, were characterized by ripe fruit and floral aromas, while wines from Şarköy, with its warm climate, exhibited more woody and herbal (bell pepper) aromas alongside fruit characters. These findings emphasize the importance of considering climate conditions in the assessment of grape and wine quality, which can vary substantially between different regions.