Characteristics analysis and trade security evaluation of the global unmanned aerial vehicle trade network

This study aims to analyze the dynamic structure and security landscape of the global Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) trade network. Based on trade data from 2022 to 2024, a weighted directed network was constructed using a complex network. We assessed the network’s overall characteristics, core country positions and multi-dimensional trade security. Results indicate that the global UAV trade network has expanded, demonstrating high efficiency and tight connectivity, yet exhibiting heterogeneity: light UAV trade is highly globalized, whereas medium-to-heavy UAVs exhibit stronger regionalization and community characteristics. Trade in heavy UAVs experienced explosive growth in 2024. China and the USA emerge as core hubs, with China dominating the export of light-to-medium civil UAVs and the USA leading in the export of high-end, heavy UAVs, while also being a major importer of light-to-medium products. Asymmetric dependencies exist between these core countries. Multi-dimensional security assessments reveal that China possesses strong security in light-to-medium UAV exports. The USA demonstrates extremely high security in the import of heavy UAVs, with overall security varying by product category. The study emphasizes the need for differentiated trade strategies based on the dual-use nature of UAVs and market variations, advocating for enhanced international cooperation and dynamic monitoring of trade patterns to safeguard national interests and maintain global supply chain stability.