Bridging the cybersecurity skills gap for effective cyber audit and governance in the telecommunications sector

Background: The emergence of the Internet transformed global communication and operations, evolving into an essential tool that underpins daily life. Technological advancements such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and robotics have reshaped the digital landscape. Telecommunications, which enables communication across distances, has experienced rapid innovation now entering the era of 5G. However, this progress has been accompanied by escalating cybersecurity risks that threaten the integrity of systems and data. Objectives: This study investigates the cybersecurity skills required to protect the telecommunications sector from emerging cyber threats. It aims to identify skill gaps and determine which cybersecurity competencies are viewed as most critical by audit professionals within the sector. Method: A qualitative approach was adopted, using interviews to collect data from cybersecurity professionals in the South African telecommunications sector. The sample comprised 15 participants in the audit field purposefully selected based on their demonstrated experience and expertise in cybersecurity. Results: Findings indicate that participants recognise the importance of cybersecurity skills, yet gaps remain in areas such as threat detection, incident response and secure system design. Respondents emphasised the need for continuous training and the importance of understanding cybersecurity frameworks. Conclusion: The telecommunications sector must address both technical and soft skills in cybersecurity. Strengthening the workforce’s cyber capabilities is vital for sustainable protection against threats. Contribution: This study provides valuable insights into sector-specific cybersecurity needs and highlights the importance of skills development. It supports future policy, training and strategic interventions aimed at building cyber resilience in the telecommunications sector.