Case Report: Anaesthetic management in a canine patient with severe atrioventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension undergoing non-cardiac surgery

This report highlights practical, physiology-guided strategies to conduct anaesthesia in non-cardiac procedures in dogs with severe AVSD and PH, in hospital settings without advanced equipment such as intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography or direct CO measurements. It also serves as a reminder not to let the anaesthetic risk in patients with severe cardiac disease be the reason for refraining from quality of life improving dental procedures.