A Comprehensive Review of Social Jetlag in Air Traffic Controllers

Ensuring aviation safety depends on the stable performance of air traffic controllers, yet irregular shift schedules make them highly vulnerable to social jetlag. Defined as the misalignment between endogenous circadian rhythms and imposed work schedules, social jetlag remains an underrecognized risk factor in aviation safety operations. This study reviewed existing research on its effects and mitigation strategies. Evidence shows that social jetlag decreases attention, impairs cognitive function, delays decision-making, and increases fatigue-related errors. Physiological disruptions, including altered sleep architecture and reduced melatonin secretion, have also been reported. As circadian misalignment accumulated, fatigue and safety-related risks increased. Current fatigue risk management systems do not adequately reflect individual circadian differences. Effective mitigation requires strategic light exposure, personalized schedules, and circadian-informed monitoring.