Study on Airport Capacity Utilization Analysis Using the Capacity Coverage Chart (CCC)

The continuous growth of global air traffic has led to mounting capacity constraints at hub airports, particularly within runway operations. This study employs the Capacity Coverage Chart (CCC) to analyze capacity utilization across major international airports over the period 2015–2024, excluding the COVID-19 disruption. Two indicators, the Capacity Utilization Index (CUI) and the Capacity Utilization Level (CUL), are applied to capture both average demand relative to peak conditions and the frequency of congestion. The analysis reveals an upward trend in utilization as flight volumes increase, with many airports approaching critical thresholds of operational saturation. Persistent near-capacity operations are shown to reduce efficiency, limit network connectivity, and restrict airline competition. Such conditions can further contribute to higher airfares and declining service quality. The findings underline the necessity of expanding infrastructure and improving operational efficiency to sustain long-term growth and maintain stable airport performance.