Optimisation of air exchange in thermally modernised buildings by means of natural ventilation

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of the supply devices of passive ventilation systems (wind catcher of the original design and window ventilator with the options of location “above the window” and “under the window”). As a result, an assessment of the nature of air distribution and features of air flow circulation in the room with different options for supply air supply was provided. To collect and systematise information on passive ventilation, its effectiveness in thermally modernised buildings and to assess the possibility of ensuring standardised air exchange in the premises, methods of generalising the results of previous studies, as well as comprehensive and logical-structural analysis were used. Scientific and analytical analysis was used to process and evaluate the data obtained. Computer modelling made it possible to compare the results and evaluate the distribution of air flows, temperature gradients and air exchange efficiency in the room. A comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of passive ventilation in a thermally modernised building using different types of air inlets was carried out. Their influence on indoor air exchange under different climatic conditions (warm and cold seasons) is investigated, taking into account the distribution of temperature and air flow velocity. Optimal solutions for passive ventilation have been identified that reduce energy consumption while creating a standard air exchange in thermally modernised buildings, which is a key aspect for ensuring energy efficiency and comfortable living conditions. As a result of the modelling, data on the distribution of temperature and air flow velocity in the room for a window ventilator and a wind catcher were obtained. The data obtained were analysed in the frontal and horizontal planes, which allowed to assess the peculiarities of air distribution in the room volume. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the area directly near the air inlet, which made it possible to study in detail the behaviour of the air flow at the initial stages of its distribution in the room and to assess changes in temperature and flow rate depending on air flow and distance from the air inlet. The results obtained allow for a detailed assessment of the air exchange in the room, taking into account the influence of the design features of the air inlets on the efficiency of air distribution and circulation