Mendelian randomization and transcriptome analysis reveal depression-driven regulatory patterns of the immune microenvironment in myocardial infarction and heart failure

Genetic, epidemiological, and multi-omic evidence supports a directional association between MDD and increased risk of MI and HF. We deliver reproducible blood-based gene panels and immune endotypes that dissect biologically distinct MDD-CVD substructures, offering actionable targets for precision immunomodulatory therapy in cardio-depressive comorbidity.