The Impact of Ethyl Levulinate Additive on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions: An Experimental Study

This study explores the environmental and operational impact of adding Ethyl Levulinate—a biodegradable ester derived from biomass—to diesel fuel. A fuel blend known as B5El6 (comprising 5% biodiesel and 6% Ethyl Levulinate) was prepared and tested experimentally using a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under full load conditions. Performance metrics and emission data were recorded, and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using the IMPACT2002+ methodology. The results revealed that B5El6 significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions (100 kg CO2 eq) and improved ecosystem quality. However, it presented challenges in terms of human health impact compared to pure biodiesel (B2). While the additive enhanced combustion efficiency, further optimization is needed to balance its environmental benefits with health-related concerns. These findings highlight the potential of Ethyl Levulinate as a sustainable fuel additive and underscore the need for continued research to refine its application.