Non‐Corrosive Methide‐Based Lithium Salt for Stabilizing Ni‐Rich NMC Cathodes

High-nickel LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC) cathodes are promising for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density, but their performance is limited by interfacial instability with conventional electrolytes. While lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF<sub>6</sub>) is widely used, its chemical instability (e.g., generating HF) undermines battery performance. Lithium imides such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf<sub>2</sub>) improve chemical stability but corrode aluminum current collectors above 3.7 V, motivating the development of non-corrosive alternatives. Herein, we report a non-corrosive methide-based lithium salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide (LiCTf<sub>2</sub>), in which the central nitrogen of LiNTf<sub>2</sub> is replaced by a methine (─CH─) moiety, modulating the electronic structure of the CTf<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> anion to promote the formation of low-solubility Al<sup>3+</sup> complexes and thus suppress corrosion, while enhancing coordination with Li<sup>+</sup> to reinforce solvation structures and establish denser interphase. This design realizes interfacial stabilization, as evidenced by electrochemical and microscopic characterization. Consequently, LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC532) and LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811) cycled in LiCTf<sub>2</sub>-based electrolyte exhibit enhanced cycling stability compared with LiNTf<sub>2</sub> and LiPF<sub>6</sub>. Notably, the excellent performance of LiCTf<sub>2</sub> is achieved without any film-forming additives, highlighting its intrinsic interfacial engineering capability. These results provide valuable insights into optimizing electrolyte formulation, offering a promising approach to enhancing the electrochemical stability and cycling performance of NMC cathodes and beyond.

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Small
Published
2026-01-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514122
Primary Topic
Advancements in Battery Materials
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article
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article

Non‐Corrosive Methide‐Based Lithium Salt for Stabilizing Ni‐Rich NMC Cathodes

S. Gao, T. W. Wang, Albina Y. Borisevich, Juntian Fan et al.
Small
Advancements in Battery Materials
article

Non‐Corrosive Methide‐Based Lithium Salt for Stabilizing Ni‐Rich NMC Cathodes

S. Gao, T. W. Wang, Albina Y. Borisevich, Juntian Fan, Fan Wang, Lei Cheng, Qingju Wang, Liqi Qiu, Vaidyanathan M. Sethuraman, Xiao‐Guang Sun, Sheng Dai
article en

Abstract

High-nickel LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC) cathodes are promising for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density, but their performance is limited by interfacial instability with conventional electrolytes. While lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF<sub>6</sub>) is widely used, its chemical instability (e.g., generating HF) undermines battery performance. Lithium imides such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf<sub>2</sub>) improve chemical stability but corrode aluminum current collectors above 3.7 V, motivating the development of non-corrosive alternatives. Herein, we report a non-corrosive methide-based lithium salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide (LiCTf<sub>2</sub>), in which the central nitrogen of LiNTf<sub>2</sub> is replaced by a methine (─CH─) moiety, modulating the electronic structure of the CTf<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> anion to promote the formation of low-solubility Al<sup>3+</sup> complexes and thus suppress corrosion, while enhancing coordination with Li<sup>+</sup> to reinforce solvation structures and establish denser interphase. This design realizes interfacial stabilization, as evidenced by electrochemical and microscopic characterization. Consequently, LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC532) and LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811) cycled in LiCTf<sub>2</sub>-based electrolyte exhibit enhanced cycling stability compared with LiNTf<sub>2</sub> and LiPF<sub>6</sub>. Notably, the excellent performance of LiCTf<sub>2</sub> is achieved without any film-forming additives, highlighting its intrinsic interfacial engineering capability. These results provide valuable insights into optimizing electrolyte formulation, offering a promising approach to enhancing the electrochemical stability and cycling performance of NMC cathodes and beyond.

SmallVol. 22(17)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), Joint Institute for Computational Sciences (US), University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 75%
Advancements in Battery Materials
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