Linking Industrial Water Pollution, Hydrochemical Change, and Plant Diversity: Implications for Urban Water System Resilience in Gujarat, India-Integrating Evidence up to 2025

The swift pace of industrial growth and urban development has profoundly impacted water quality and ecological balance across various regions in India. This article compiles findings on the environmental resilience of urban water systems facing industrial stress, focusing specifically on Surendranagar, Wadhvan, Gujarat. Findings from hydrochemical studies, ecological evaluations, and resilience frameworks indicate that the discharge of industrial effluents, urban runoff, and excessive groundwater extraction have compromised the quality of both surface and groundwater. The alterations have subsequently impacted the diversity of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants, promoting species that tolerate pollution and are invasive, while diminishing the presence of native biodiversity. This review consolidates insights from both regional and global studies conducted until 2025, emphasizing the importance of cohesive water management, ecological restoration, and enhanced monitoring, particularly of emerging contaminants, to bolster the resilience of urban water systems. Water quality is a critical aspect of environmental resilience, particularly in the context of industrial pollution. The health of groundwater resources is closely linked to plant diversity, which can be adversely affected by eutrophication. Additionally, urban water systems play a significant role in managing these challenges.