Exploring the Potential of Small Ports in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania for Methanol Bunkering

The maritime industry is undergoing a shift toward sustainability, with methanol emerging as a viable alternative fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study explores the potential of small ports in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania as strategic nodes for methanol bunkering. By analyzing vessel movements, port infrastructure, and trade flows from 2014 to 2024, the research identifies opportunities for integrating methanol refueling within the regional maritime network. The study categorizes vessels based on size and type, focusing on general cargo ships, tankers, and bulk carriers, while excluding passenger and Ro-Ro vessels due to their distinct operational patterns. Consideration is given to Just-In-Time arrival principles, winter navigation challenges, and regulatory frameworks such as the IMO’s decarbonization goals and the EU’s Emissions Trading System. The findings highlight that small ports can play a complementary role in the transition to green shipping by providing decentralized refueling options for vessels operating in the Baltic region. The study contributes to discussions on alternative fuel adoption by offering insights into the feasibility of methanol bunkering and the strategic adaptation of small ports to emerging fuel demands. The paper was presented at the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) 2025 Conference and published as part of the conference proceedings.