Detection of bronchoesophageal fistula in an infant: a case report

Bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF) is a rare malformation, presenting with abnormal communication between the bronchus and the esophagus, which can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is rare; this case study presents a clinical case of a six-month-old male infant of African descent with a history of chronic cough and breathing difficulties since birth, treated as a case of recurrent pneumonia without improvement. Following a thorough series of investigations, the diagnosis of bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF) was confirmed, prompting the decision to proceed with surgical intervention. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion to accurately diagnose BEF.