A comprehensive review on MIL metal-organic framework materials in CO2 valorization: Capture, separation, and conversion to fuels and chemicals

The utilization of fossil fuels is unsustainable in the long term due to their negative impact on the environment, particularly their contribution to climate change. Therefore, new feedstocks such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and green hydrogen are expected to replace or complement fossil fuel-based feedstocks in the future. Innovation in materials that are compatible with these new feedstocks is key to ensuring the supply of fuels and chemicals is maintained upon this transition. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), specifically Materials Institute Lavoisier (MIL) MOFs, possess a high surface area and porous structure, offering numerous catalytic sites for CO 2 adsorption. Their application is demonstrated by important reactions such as CO 2 photoreduction, electroreduction, chemical organic synthesis, and thermocatalytic CO 2 hydrogenation, highlighting their usefulness. Moreover, the strong affinity of MIL MOFs for CO 2 makes them highly suitable for application in capture and adsorption processes, such as direct air capture. The current perspective aims to provide insight into MIL MOFs, covering their synthesis, applications in CO 2 capture and adsorption, CO 2 photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, thermocatalytic hydrogenation, and chemical organic synthesis. This review offers valuable insights that can empower researchers to make informed decisions when selecting and designing MIL MOFs, perfectly aligned with their unique applications in the CO 2 valorisation. • Application of MIL MOFs in CO 2 conversion to fuels and chemicals is pivotal to the sustainable transition from fossil fuel-based feedstock. • Modification of MIL MOFs with amines is beneficial for CO 2 capture and adsorption, CO 2 photoreduction, and electroreduction. • Utilizing MIL-MOFs as precursors or templates for CO 2 hydrogenation catalysts leads to better catalytic performance. • Structural flexibility and numerous adsorption sites of MIL MOFs render them useful in catalysis and beyond.