Hypospadias Prevalence and Risk Factors in a United States Military Beneficiary Birth Cohort, 2010-2020
Reportedly elevated hypospadias among military-connected births is likely influenced by broad case ascertainment methods rather than military occupational exposures. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating differences in surveillance case definitions and considering associated data limitations (e.g., reliability of diagnosis codes) when comparing prevalence estimates.
Authors
- Jacob S. Hogue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-5197)
- Gia R. Gumbs
- Ava Marie S. Conlin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3330)
- Celeste J. Romano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-5333)
- Paul Patterson
- Clinton Hall
- Anna T Bukowinski
Institutions
- Leidos (United States) (US)
- Madigan Army Medical Center (US)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (US)
- Naval Health Research Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Military Medicine
- Published
- 2025-12-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaf635
- Primary Topic
- Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00