Capturing violent and turbulent sloshing dynamics using SPH modelling

In this study, five different smoothedparticle hydrodynamics (SPH)modelsareusedtotest thecapabilityofaddressingthe challengesofviolentsloshingflowscharacterizedbyhighfreesurface fragmentation and turbulent behavior. ALargeEddy Simulation(LES)frameworkisadoptedforallfivemodels.The comparativeanalysisdemonstrates the improvedperformances forthelastmodelwhichadoptsthecombinationofrenormalized pressuregradient, particle shifting technique, andanadaptive numericaldiffusivetermaddedonlyonthecontinuityequation. Thiscombinationislabeledasδ⋆-SPHandthemainadvantages include: (i) the resolution of small-scale turbulence, (ii) a moreaccurateassessmentofsloshingenergydissipation, (iii)a reductioninvolumeconservationerrors,and(iv)theabsenceof tensileinstability,establishingitasarobustschemeforstudying highlyturbulent sloshingflows.