Preliminary study on the simulation of violent sloshing flows with thermal conduction using the δ-LES-SPH model

One of the most significant challenges facing the aerospace industry is achieving effective decarbonization through the use of clean fuels. In this demanding endeavour, the potential use of hydrogen as a fuel is one of the key possibilities currently being explored by the industry. A critical component of this complex strategy is the design of the fuel tank, where hydrogen would exist in a two-phase liquid-vapour state. In addition to the complex thermodynamics occurring within the tank — such as heat leakage through the tank walls and heat and mass exchange between the two phases — there are also the accelerations experienced by the tank as part of the aircraft. These accelerations lead to sloshing phenomena in the fluid mixture, which in turn affect the heat and mass exchange between the phases and with the tank’s surroundings. Precise control of the thermodynamic variables in both phases is crucial, as this directly impacts the methodology for pumping and injecting the fuel into the engine. This work presents an initial approach to the sloshing problem with heat exchange between the phases and with the external environment using the SPH method.