Engineering Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Nanoparticles in Transparent Materials for Advanced Optical Applications

ABSTRACT Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanoparticles embedded in transparent solid‐state materials provides a robust platform for integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices requiring precise spectral positioning, strong field localization, and long‐term stability. This review links fundamentals to engineering strategies and applications for plasmonic nanostructures in transparent hosts. We summarize the formation and evolution of metallic species in solids and the resulting optical properties across size regimes, covering both linear and nonlinear responses. We identify three energy‐transduction mechanisms that connect nanostructure properties to device functionality: (i) near‐field enhancement, (ii) hot‐carrier processes, and (iii) photothermal effects. Building on these foundations, we emphasize post‐fabrication morphology reconfiguration of pre‐embedded nanostructures as a primary route to programmable LSPR control, and organize representative approaches by actuation mode (thermal, electric‐field–driven, and chemistry‐based) and stimulus modality (photons, electrons, ions, or external fields). We then review applications in nonlinear and integrated photonics and optoelectronic energy conversion, highlighting how embedded plasmonic resonances improve device performance. Finally, we discuss practical challenges and emerging opportunities toward scalable, spatially programmable plasmonics, including control of buried interfaces and reproducible processing enabled by coordinated beam/laser/thermal/chemical routes.