Universalizing the access to long-term care: evidence from Spain

Spain and Scotland are two countries that exhibit the largest expansions in long-term care (LTC) in the last two decades, universalizing subsidies and supports. This chapter provides a snapshot of the trends in LTC use and access, as well as the financing, and organization of the LTC system compared to other higher-income countries. The passage of Act 39/2006 on the Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for Dependent Persons (SAAD in Spanish) on December 14th, 2006, universalized coverage for care subsidies and supports, allowing access to care conditioned only on individuals’ assessment of care needs. Consequently, LTC spending as a percentage of GDP has risen from 0.5% in 2003 to nearly 0.9 percent in 2019, despite private LTC insurance playing a minor role. Still today, LTC remains heavily reliant on informal care, which is now partially subsidized by a caregiving subsidy as part of SAAD. Long-term care spending in Spain amounts to between 1.27 percent (conservative estimates) and 1.70 percent (flexible estimation) of GDP. Finally, the system reveals significant gender imbalances in the provision of care, with women accounting for most caregivers in both formal (87 percent) and informal (58 percent) care.