The Printability‐Healing Paradox: Navigating Material Design Trade‐Offs in 3D‐Printable, Self‐Healing Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
3D-printed self-healing hydrogels represent a significant advancement in regenerative medicine. Long-lasting, patient-tailored tissue scaffolds that evolve with native tissues may result. Preventing unwanted biomaterial growth is a major concern. The "Printability-Healing Paradox" is the central challenge, involving a trade-off between rheological properties for high-fidelity 3D printing and dynamic network features for self-healing. Resolving the paradox requires understanding hydrogel bioinks, chemical tools for self-healing (e.g., Schiff base, Diels-Alder, and hydrogen bonding), and rheological requirements for printability (e.g., shear-thinning and yield stress). Our review has explored advanced material design strategies, including multi-network architectures, nanocomposite reinforcement, and orthogonal crosslinking chemistries, to address this issue. Case studies in neuro, musculoskeletal, and cutaneous tissue engineering demonstrated how these methods might improve tissue-specific bio-functionality and alleviate problems. Designing smart materials is crucial for the profession to address the Printability-Healing Paradox. Developing multi-material printing platforms, AI-driven bioink design, and 4D characteristics will enable therapeutic structures that mimic biological organisms and adapt to the body.
Authors
- Anikesh Kumar
- Shailly Saini
- Arvind M. Kayastha
- Prince Kumar
Institutions
- Banaras Hindu University (IN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Healthcare Materials
- Published
- 2026-01-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202505346
- Primary Topic
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00