Beyond Diuresis and Glycemic Control: Comparative Analysis of Sodiumglucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) vs. Furosemide and Metforminin Heart Failure (HF) Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Using the TriNetX Database

In this real-world analysis, SGLT2i use was associated with lower mortality and fewer hospitalizations compared with furosemide and metformin in patients with HF and T2DM. These findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects due to the observational design and potential residual confounding. The results are hypothesis-generating and directionally consistent with prior randomized evidence.