FM-DLM: A new method for image classification based on the fusion of multi-level deep learning models

Currently, deep learning models are widely used in many classification applications, but their utilization is limited by some factors. The large models can ensure classification of wide range, but they cannot be deployed to some small devices. The small models can be deployed to the small devices, but the number of labels is limited. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a classification method based on the Fusion of Multi-level Deep Learning Models (FM-DLM). We apply the Baidu-AI platform as a Level 0 model for classification of wide range samples. Then, we use the difference between Level 1 models to perform dataset prediction. Then, we can use the Level 2 models that were trained on the predicted dataset, which is to perform label classification. Finally, we use label distribution to achieve higher accuracy. The experimental results show that our method can achieve higher accuracy than the existing methods while ensuring a wide range of classification.

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Publication Details

Journal
PLoS ONE
Published
2026-01-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338137
Primary Topic
Machine Learning and Data Classification
Type
article
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article

FM-DLM: A new method for image classification based on the fusion of multi-level deep learning models

Hengguang Li, Qingzeng Song, Guanghao Jin, Hui Du
PLoS ONE
Machine Learning and Data Classification
article

FM-DLM: A new method for image classification based on the fusion of multi-level deep learning models

Hengguang Li, Qingzeng Song, Guanghao Jin, Hui Du
article en

Abstract

Currently, deep learning models are widely used in many classification applications, but their utilization is limited by some factors. The large models can ensure classification of wide range, but they cannot be deployed to some small devices. The small models can be deployed to the small devices, but the number of labels is limited. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a classification method based on the Fusion of Multi-level Deep Learning Models (FM-DLM). We apply the Baidu-AI platform as a Level 0 model for classification of wide range samples. Then, we use the difference between Level 1 models to perform dataset prediction. Then, we can use the Level 2 models that were trained on the predicted dataset, which is to perform label classification. Finally, we use label distribution to achieve higher accuracy. The experimental results show that our method can achieve higher accuracy than the existing methods while ensuring a wide range of classification.

PLoS ONEVol. 21(1)
Wayne State University (US), Tiangong University (CN), Michigan United (US), Beijing Polytechnic (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 78%
Machine Learning and Data Classification
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FM-DLM: A new method for image classification based on the fusion of multi-level deep learning models — Hengguang Li, Qingzeng Song, et al. · PLoS ONE (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS