Modulation of circulating extracellular vesicles by antihyperglycemic therapies: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Circulating EVs are elevated in individuals with T2D even in the absence of overt vascular complications, suggesting early endothelial activation. Among antihyperglycemic agents, only liraglutide significantly reduced EV concentrations, pointing to potential direct vascular benefits. This study provides proof-of-concept data supporting EVs as translational markers of vascular health and treatment response in T2D.