Structural remodeling impact of osteophytes and Schmorl’s nodes on lumbar vertebral morphometry: anatomical basis for spinal instrumentation

Osteophytes and SNs are associated with significant morphometric deviations that may have implications for multiple aspects of spinal instrumentation. Specifically, osteophyte patterns were associated with deviations in pedicle angulation, while SN presence correlated with vertebral expansion and posterior element changes, these findings may serve as important morphometric considerations for preoperative planning of instrumentation and interbody procedures. Surgeons should consider these morphometric deviations to optimize implant compatibility and surgical navigation in degenerative spines.