Global trends in biomarker research for periprosthetic joint infection: a bibliometric analysis

From 2011 to 2024, PJI biomarker research grew rapidly, driven mainly by institutions in the United States, China, and Europe. Key themes included synovial α-defensin, calprotectin, machine learning, and next-generation sequencing. Future progress depends on multicenter validation, assay standardization, and integrating biomarkers into diagnostic algorithms. Stronger collaboration, data sharing, and decision-support tools will be essential for earlier and more accurate PJI diagnosis. Video Abstract.