The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Probiotic Interventions and Mechanistic Insights

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by various motor and non-motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal problems. Recent research indicates that gut dysbiosis plays a crucial part in the pathophysiology of PD, connecting microbial imbalances to dopaminergic neuronal loss, α-synuclein aggregation, and neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. Probiotics have shown promise as therapeutic agents in PD since they can improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, lower inflammation, and restore gut microbial balance. The effectiveness of specific probiotic strains in reducing the progression of disease symptoms is demonstrated by recent research. This review gives a comprehensive overview of current research about role of gut dysbiosis in PD development and progression and provides insights into the potential of probiotics in management of PD.