Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes of Repeat Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Repeat GKRS for incompletely obliterated AVMs may provide favorable obliteration rates. Adequate volume response after initial GKRS and lower SM grades may predict successful complete obliteration. Patients with prior hemorrhage and AVMs located in the posterior fossa may be at greater risk of hemorrhage after repeat GKRS. Larger treatment volume and shorter intervals between initial and repeat GKRS were associated with AREs. Extending the interval between initial and repeat GKRS may reduce the risk of AREs and provide a safer approach for treating incompletely obliterated AVMs.