Chips and Challenges: An Integrative Review on Sustainability and Risk Management in Semiconductor Supply Chains

ABSTRACT The semiconductor industry, foundational to modern technology, faces critical sustainability and risk challenges arising from resource‐intensive operations, concentrated production geographies, and recurrent disruptions. Fabrication plants consume extraordinary volumes of water and energy, while geopolitical tensions, material shortages, and demand volatility continue to destabilize global supply networks. These vulnerabilities underscore the need for integrated approaches to sustainable supply chain risk management (SSCRM). This study conducts the first integrative review at the intersection of sustainable supply chain management and supply chain risk management (SCRM) in the semiconductor context. Drawing on over 1500 studies screened from UTD24 (University of Texas at Dallas) and SCM (Supply Chain Management) journal lists (2010–2024), we identify 46 seminal works and analyze them through four frameworks: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance), Triple Bottom Line (TBL), Triple A (Agility, Adaptability, Alignment), and Triple A&R (adding Robustness, Resilience, Realignment). Our synthesis highlights six interconnected research imperatives: AI‐enabled transparency and predictive analytics, power asymmetries in buyer–supplier relationships, geopolitical sustainability trade‐offs, collaborative governance models, the bullwhip effect's impact on resilience and sustainability, and the application of Triple A&R principles to semiconductor operations. By synthesizing insights across these themes, we propose targeted research questions that bridge theoretical constructs with semiconductor‐specific operational challenges. Our findings underscore the urgency of adopting integrated SSCRM approaches to fortify the industry's resilience, innovation, and long‐term sustainability against escalating global disruptions.