Beyond the equation: transparency and verification in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model implementation for target-controlled infusion

Recent correspondence in the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing has raised concerns about the transparency of implementing the Eleveld pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for propofol in commercial target-controlled infusion systems. While these models are scientifically robust, limited insight into software-level implementation may hinder independent verification and clinical confidence. Addressing this requires not only improved transparency and validation but also adequate clinician training, particularly as intravenous anesthesia techniques gain prominence in response to evolving regulatory and environmental pressures.