Chitosan nanoparticles for brain targeted nose-to-brain drug delivery in neurodegenerative disease: a comprehensive exploration of advances, limitations and future prospects

CH-NPs effectively deliver therapeutics to the CNS, leveraging their mucoadhesive properties and biocompatibility to cross the BBB via intranasal delivery. This platform enhances drug uptake and retention in the brain, addressing challenges faced by traditional therapies for NDDs. Optimizing nanoparticle biomaterial properties and delivery methods could improve therapeutic precision and clinical outcomes.