Health equity through health literacy: validating HLS19-Q12 in general and migrant-origin populations of Finland

This study introduced the Finnish version of HLS19-Q12 and approached valid and reliable HL monitoring as a key element within the field of social determinants of health. This study provided novel insights on HL while replicating findings reported in the literature. We provide specific recommendations for valid monitoring of HL and ponder over culturally and linguistically responsive policy making, in accordance with the Health in All Polices approach.