Graphene Oxide Encapsulation for Enhanced Design and Optimization of BiFeO ₃ Anode Materials

Lithium-ion batteries are critical for modern energy storage due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, anode material degradation during cycling significantly impacts capacity retention and battery lifespan. In this study, graphene oxide (GO)-coated BiFeO3 composites were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method to enhance the lithium-ion conductivity and overall stability of the anode. The composite materials were characterized through first-principles calculations, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that graphene effectively suppresses the loss of active materials during cycling, improving long-term stability. The graphene coating also enhances ion diffusion, reducing internal resistance. Electrochemical tests revealed that the BiFeO3-GO achieved a capacity of 562.8 mAh g–1 after 50 charge–discharge cycles at 100 mA g–1, significantly outperforming the uncoated BiFeO3 (277.4 mAh g–1). This composite demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, positioning BiFeO3-GO as a top candidate among oxide anode materials. The graphene coating not only improves conductivity but also strengthens the mechanical stability of the anode, making it more durable during cycling. This study provides insights into the design of high-performance oxide-based anode materials for energy storage applications.