Strength beside the uniform: Understanding mental skills knowledge and applications within Canadian Armed Forces families

Introduction: This study explores the knowledge, acquisition, and application of mental skills among Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) family members, a population often overlooked in mental health and wellness research. While mental skills such as goal setting, self-talk, imagery, coping, and resilience have been widely studied in high-performance and military populations, little is known about their relevance or utility among CAF support populations. Methods: Utilizing an embedded mixed methods design, data were collected from 180 survey respondents and 11 focus group participants across diverse family roles and geographical contexts. Results: Findings reveal varied awareness and understanding of mental skills, with participants frequently applying skills subconsciously despite limited training or support. Focus group data uncovered four key themes: 1) confusion between mental skills and mental health terminology, 2) life-based acquisition of skills, 3) widespread dissatisfaction with support, and 4) interconnected use of mental skills in positive and challenging contexts. Participants expressed a strong desire for more proactive, accessible, and relevant support tailored to the unique demands of military family life. A recurring concern was the inconsistent quality and accessibility of mental skills resources within the CAF, often leading families to seek assistance externally. Additionally, stigma and logistical barriers limited effective engagement with internal resources. Discussion: Importantly, this study examines mental skills needs of CAF families through their own lens, providing critical insights for policy and program development. Findings emphasize the importance of recognizing CAF families as users — not just beneficiaries — of mental skills training, and advocate for dedicated, contextually sensitive support to empower families in their vital caregiving and adaptive roles.