Recent advances and mechanistic insights of non-invasive brain stimulation in post-stroke dysphagia rehabilitation

Current evidence supports rTMS and tDCS as effective, safe, and feasible adjuncts to conventional rehabilitation for post-stroke dysphagia. Nevertheless, heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures limits protocol standardization. Future large-scale, multimodal studies incorporating neuroimaging and guided by the bimodal balance-recovery model are warranted to optimize stimulation strategies and further elucidate the mechanisms underlying cortical reorganization in PSD recovery.