BPANS: A Turbulence Model That Spans the Speed Range from Subsonic to Supersonic Flows

Unsteady turbulent flows are present in most engineering applications of practical relevance. In aeronautics, these applications span the speed range from subsonic to hypersonic flows. Thus, it is important that our mathematical models and numerical techniques can represent the various flow regimes in a seamless way. The latter is the main motivation of the current paper, which extends the PANS turbulence model to compressible and high-speed flows. The new model, called BPANS-CC, blends the (k,ε) and (k,ω) versions of PANS. In addition, a compressibility correction is added to the new model to expand its simulation range into the compressible high-speed flow regime. The new model was implemented in various CFD software, both academic and commercial. Several well-known benchmark problems were used to test the new model, and the results are in good agreement with experimental data.