Incentive design for cooperative EV energy management using crowdsourced questionnaire data

This paper addresses the design of an energy management system (EMS) that embeds a mechanism to encourage cooperative behavior among electric vehicle (EV) users. The proposed EMS provides incentives for EV users to contribute to grid stability by staying at home and allowing their vehicles to discharge electricity, thereby serving as a reserve power source. To this end, we construct a model that captures the behavioral response of EV users to the offered incentives. Then, we formulate the problem of incentive-driven EMS (ID-EMS) design as an optimization framework based on the constructed user behavior models, and present a policy for determining the optimal incentive in practical operation. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the ID-EMS through numerical simulations, utilizing real-world datasets on daily vehicle usage and behavioral insights obtained from user surveys.