Preventive Zoning for Geosafety Risks of Underground Space Utilization: A Management-Oriented Perspective

The safe utilization of underground spaces constitutes a critical challenge for densely populated cities, making geosafety risk prevention in underground development a focal point for both academic research and governmental governance. As the pivotal link and ultimate objective in geological safety management, risk prevention facilitates the transition from theoretical research to administrative practice. This study establishes a management-oriented technical framework for geological risk preventive zoning in underground space utilization, addressing the current research gap where zoning methodologies inadequately integrate with governmental decision-making processes due to insufficient consideration of multidimensional attributes from both researcher and administrator perspectives. Taking Xiong’an New Area in China as a case study, the framework employs a tri-level analytical structure, restrictive tier, limiting tier, and influencing tier, with phased weighting methodologies, CRITIC-EWM for objective weighting vs. AHP-FAHP for subjective weighting. The scientifically validated results demonstrate the framework’s feasibility and scalability. Limitations and future research directions are identified to guide subsequent studies in this field.