Cross-national inequalities and public health policy effects of the global retinoblastoma burden from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2035

The study reveals that the global burden of RB is generally in a downward trend; however, low SDI regions continue to bear a disproportionately higher burden, underscoring persistent health inequalities. Policy improvement plays a key role in reducing the burden of disease. To further narrow regional disparities and reduce the overall burden, policy building needs to be strengthened globally, particularly in underdeveloped areas. The findings of this study may also provide valuable references for the prevention and treatment of other rare diseases and the promotion of health equity.